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Foreign Adoption), guidelines for adoption of minor
children by foreigners were laid down. Similarly in
State of W.B. v. Sampat Lal (1985) 1 SCC 317, K.
Veeraswami v. Union of India (1991) 3 SCC 655,
Union Carbide Corpn. v. Union of India (1991) 4
SCC 584, Delhi Judicial Service Assn. v. State of
Gujarat (1991) 4 SCC 406 (Nadiad case), Delhi
Development Authority v. Skipper Construction Co.
(P) Ltd. (1996) 4 SCC 622 and Dinesh Trivedi, M.P.
v. Union of India (1997) 4 SCC 306 guidelines were
laid down having the effect of law, requiring rigid
compliance. In Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record
Assn. v. Union of India (1993) 4 SCC 441 (IInd
Judges case) a nine-Judge Bench laid down
guidelines and norms for the appointment and
transfer of Judges which are being rigidly followed in
the matter of appointments of High Court and
Supreme Court Judges and transfer of High Court
Judges. More recently in Vishaka v. State of
Rajasthan (1997) 6 SCC 241 elaborate guidelines
have been laid down for observance in workplaces
relating to sexual harassment of working women. In
Vishaka (supra) it was said: (SCC pp. 249-50, para
11)
“11. The obligation of this Court under Article
32 of the Constitution for the enforcement of
these fundamental rights in the absence of
legislation must be viewed along with the role
of judiciary envisaged in the Beijing Statement
of Principles of the Independence of the
Judiciary in the LAWASIA region. These
principles were accepted by the Chief Justices
of Asia and the Pacific at Beijing in 1995 (*)
(As amended at Manila, 28th August, 1997) as
those representing the minimum standards
necessary to be observed in order to maintain
the independence and effective functioning of
the judiciary. The objectives of the judiciary
mentioned in the Beijing Statement are:
“Objectives of the Judiciary:
10. The objectives and functions of the
Judiciary include the following:
(a) to ensure that all persons are able to

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